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The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (Bet) family are the regulators of the epigenome and also the pivotal driving factors for the expression of tumor related genes that tumor cells depend on for survival and proliferation. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) is a member of the Bet protein family. Generally, Brd4 identifies acetylated histones and binds to the promoter or enhancer region of target genes to initiate and maintain expression of tumor related genes. Brd4 is closely related to the regulation of multiple transcription factors and chromatin modification and is involved in DNA damage repair and maintenance of telomere function, thus maintaining the survival of tumor cells. This review summarizes the structure and function of Brd4 protein and the application of its inhibitors in tumor research.
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Humans , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Histones , Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism , Neoplasms/metabolism , Protein DomainsABSTRACT
The global trends of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and disease are both rising. Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease(NTMD) is a worldwide health burden associated with increasing morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for NTMD.Mycobacterial pathogens are intrinsically resistant to many available antibiotics, making treatment extremely challenging, especially in immunocompromised individuals and patients with underlying chronic lung conditions. Even with lengthy therapy and the use of a combination of antibiotics, only less than half NTMD patients can achieve clinical treatment success, so it is urgent to develop novel anti-NTM antibiotics. This article reviews the research progress on the medication of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases.
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The aim of the present study is to explore the association between abdominal obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) through a systematic review of published studies. Databases including Wanfang data, CNKI, VIP, CBM, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of science and Embase were searched up to July 2021 to collect longitudinal studies published in Chinese and English on the association between abdominal obesity and CKD. In order to avoid omission, reference lists of related articles were also checked manually. After literature selection, data were extracted and study quality was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis of this study was conducted using Stata 11.0 software. Finally, five studies were included in this study. The results showed that abdominal obesity defined by waist circumference was not associated with CKD (OR=1.17,95% CI:0.93-1.48). According to the results of subgroup analyses, whether adjusted body mass index might be part of the reason of heterogeneity. Based on results of this study, the association between abdominal obesity defined by waist hip ratio and CKD, as well as the association between abdominal obesity and CKD in different genders, remains unknown. In conclusion, abdominal obesity might not be associated with incident CKD. However, more studies are needed in the future to explore this association.
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There is a shared problem in current optical imaging technologies of how to obtain the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. In this work, an imaging system for obtaining the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profile was presented. Firstly, Fourier transformation profilometry was used for obtaining the profile information of biological tissues, and then the difference of incident light intensity at different positions on biological tissue surface was corrected with the laws of illumination, and lastly the optical parameters of biological tissues were achieved with the spatial frequency domain imaging technique. Experimental results indicated the proposed imaging system could obtain the profile information and the optical parameters of biological tissues accurately and quickly. For the slab phantoms with height variation less than 30 mm and angle variation less than 40º, the maximum relative errors of the profile uncorrected optical parameters were 46.27% and 72.18%, while the maximum relative errors of the profile corrected optical parameters were 6.89% and 10.26%. Imaging experiments of a face-like phantom and a human's prefrontal lobe were performed respectively, which demonstrated the proposed imaging system possesses clinical application value for the achievement of the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. Besides, the proposed profile corrected method can be used to combine with the current optical imaging technologies to reduce the influence of the profile information of biological tissues on imaging quality.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnostic Imaging , Light , Optical Imaging , Phantoms, ImagingABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The high incidence rate, drug resistance rate and mortality rate of TB infection cause serious social and economic burden in developing countries. Due to high occupational exposure, medical institutions and healthcare workers take the potential risk of TB infection, which have negative impact on the public health and occupational health. As one of the countries with high burden of TB in the world, the occupational exposure of healthcare workers in China is serious, and the infection rate is far higher than that of developed countries. This article reviews the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers and the status quo of occupational protection in medical institutions in China.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features of initially treated pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)patients with rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0341 antibody positive.Methods Forty two initially treated pulmonary TB patients with rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0341 antibody positive were included as the study group and 42 initially treated pulmonary TB patients with rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0341 antibody as the control group The aspects of clinical symptoms,X-ray imaging manifestations,positive rate in sputum culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis,treatment effects,etc.were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence rates of expectoration,hemoptysis and shortness of breath in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the X-ray image manifestations in the study group showed that the lesions were much more involved in two lungs and multiple lung fields(P＜0.05),while thlesions in the control group more confined to single lung and one lung field(P＜ 0.05),moreover the rate appearing pulmonary cavity in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);the sputum culture positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05),but the sputum culture positive rate of rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);as for the treatment effects,the cure rate in the control group was higher than that in the study group(P＜0.05),the ineffective ratio in the control group was less than that in the study group.Conclusion Initially treated pulmonary TB patients with rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0341 antibody positive have the characteristics of severe clinical symptoms,wide range lesions,easily appearing cavity,high culture positive rate of rifampin dependent mycobacterium tuberculosis and poor treatment effect.
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Objective To evaluate the bacteriostasis of sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)combined with trimethoprim(TMP)against My‐cobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) in vitro ,so as to provide basis for clinical application .Methods The minimal inhibitory concentra‐tion(MIC) value of TMP/SMZ against MTB ,including standard sensitive strain(H37Rv) ,clinical sensitive strains(20 strains) and clinical multiple‐drug‐resistance strains(MDR ,30 strains) ,was detected by using MPP observation method .Results The MIC val‐ue of standard strain H37Rv was TNP(0 .5 μg/mL)+SMZ(9 .5 μg/mL) .The growth of 40 strains(accounted for 80% ) of clinical isolates ,including 17 sensitive strains and 23 MDR strains ,could be inhibited by TMP(1 μg/mL)+ SMZ(19 μg/mL) compound . Conclusion TMP combined with SMZ may has good antibacterial activity for strains of MTB in vitro .